The Kings of Israel in the United Kingdom and
The Kings of Judah and Israel during the period of the Divided Kingdom
| THE KINGS OF ISRAEL IN THE UNITED MONARCHY AND THE KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL DURING THE PERIOD OF THE DIVIDED MONARCHY | ||||
| THE UNITED KINGDOM OF ISRAEL | ||||
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Saul 1030-1010 BC |
Ishbaal (son of Saul) 1010-1011 |
David 1010-970 BC 7 years king of Judah, 33 years king of Israel |
Solomon (son of David) 970-930 BC |
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THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH (Tribes of Judah and Benjamin) 930 – 587/6 BC 1 ruling family: the House of David |
THE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL (10 Northern Tribes) 930 – 722 BC 9 ruling families |
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| Rehoboam 930 – 913 | Jeroboam I 930 – 910 | |||
| Abijam (Abijah) 913 – 911 | Nadab 910 – 909 | |||
| Asa 911 – 870 | Baasha 909 – 884 | |||
| Elah 886 – 885 | ||||
| Zimri 885 | ||||
| Omri 885 – 874 | ||||
| Jehoshaphat 870 – 848 | Ahab 874 – 853 | |||
| Ahaziah 853 – 852 | ||||
| Jehoram (Joram) 848 – 841 | Jehoram 852 – 841 | |||
| Ahaziah 841 | Jehu 841 – 814 | |||
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Queen Athaliah 841 – 835 (mother of Ahaziah, dau. of Ahab and not a Davidic heir) |
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| Jehoash 835 – 796 | Jehoahaz 814 – 798 | |||
| Amaziah 796-781 | Jehoash 798 -783 | |||
| Uzziah (Azariah) 781 – 740 | Jeroboam II 783 – 743 | |||
| Zechariah 743 | ||||
| Shallum 743 | ||||
| Jotham 750 – 736 | Menahem 743 – 738 | |||
| Pekahiah 738 – 737 | ||||
| Ahaz 736 – 716 |
Pekah 737 – 732 Assyrians conquer Galilee and Gilead 732 BC |
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| Hezekiah 716 – 687 | Hoshea 732 – 724 | |||
| Manasseh 687 – 642 | Assyrians conquer Northern Kingdom; tribes taken into exile 722 BC | |||
| Amon 642 – 640 | 5 foreign tribes from the east are moved into the territory of the Northern Kingdom. They become the Samaritans (2 Kings 17:24) | |||
| Josiah 640 – 609 | ||||
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Jehoahaz 609
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| Jehoiakim 609 – 598 | ||||
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Jehoiachin 598 – 597 (second deportation of exiles to Babylon 597) |
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Zedekiah 598 – 587/6 (third deportation of exiles to Babylon 587/6) |
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| Babylonian exile 70 years | ||||
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Michal Hunt, Copyright © 2014 Agape Bible Study. Permissions All Rights Reserved. (dates from NJB; dates may vary according to source). |
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Archaeological Evidence that Supports the Biblical Record of the Kings of Israel
1. The discovery of Pharaoh Siamun's relief: Pharaoh Siamun, a contemporary of Israel's King Solomon, ordered a triumphal relief commemorating his campaign against the Philistines c. 970-960. The Bible records that a pharaoh conquered the Philistine city of Gezer and gave it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife in 1 Kings 9:16.
2. The discovery of Pharaoh Shoshenq's triumphal relief at Karnak and stela at Silisila: These artifacts commemorate the pharaoh's campaign in Israel 925 and in Judah 924BC during King Rehoboam's reign recorded in 1 Kings 14:25-26; 2 Chronicles 12:1-9.
3. Annals of Shalmaneser III (853/52): The Assyrian annals mention King Ahab of Israel by name.
4. Annals of Shalmaneser III (841/40): The Assyrian annals mention King Jehu of Israel by name.
Solving an apparent discrepancy in the Biblical record:
The Assyrian annals put 12 years between King Ahab of Israel and King Jehu. However, the Biblical record records 14 years between the reigns of these two kings with two kings between them: Ahaziah who ruled for two years and Jehoram who ruled 12 years ( 1 Kings 22:51; 2 Kings 3:1). What at first glance appears to be a discrepancy can be easily explained by historians. Ancient kingdoms had different ways of recording reignal years. The Assyrians and Babylonians credited the entire year when a king died to his reign, even if he died in the beginning of the year and his successor ruled 11 months of that year. That first year for the new king was designated his "ascension year" and the new king's "Year #1" did not begin until the first day of the following year. Historians call this method the "accession year" system or the "post-dating" system.
Additional resource: see the document "Dating the Reigns of the Kings of Judah and the Kings of Israel".
Michal E. Hunt Copyright © 2007
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